Il Duomo e la Fortezza

On Wednesday, word of an open-air market at the fortress was all over school, so a few of my classmates and I hiked around past San Domenico to Fortezza Medicea, once military fortress housing Florentine troops, and now an enormous public park.





Merchant stalls surrounded the ancient brick walls like the camp of an army laying siege, selling everything from clothes and shoes to kitchen utensils to beautiful meats, cheeses, fruits, and vegetables.



(I was much more interested in the latter.)





The fortress was built in the 1560s by order of Cosimo I de' Medici after his Florentine forces conquered the city. With its perimeter of over one kilometer, it's a popular spot for walking and jogging, as well as picnicking. I love to pick up a sandwich from a nearby bar or a bit of fruit and cheese from the market just across the bridge, and eat with a view of the majestic Tuscan hills or the city's three great towers.



My friends and I wandered back through town and parted ways at the Duomo, which I'd seen last year but wanted to visit for a second time.



One of my classmates asked me an impossible question: between the Duomo of Siena and that of Florence, which one do I like better?



I think I prefer the exterior of Santa Maria del Fiore, with its pastel colors and gentler Renaissance architecture. Siena's intensely Gothic façade and bold black-and-white stripes are a little too jarring for me.



Doesn't stop me from photographing the heck out of it, though.



The structure is mostly 13th-14th century Gothic, influenced by what was then quite fashionable in France. Note the similarities between this facade and that of Notre Dame, particularly on the upper levels. (The Duomo's first story, begun in 1215 and worked on until just before 1300, is more Romanesque, while the upper stories and the belltower were designed in the early 1300s.)

If you read my blog last year and are currently going, “but wait, this all looks so familiar!”, then you are right. I featured several shots from Siena's Duomo last year. That day, however, my camera battery died partway through the trip, so this year, I have taken pains to ensure that you'll get to witness as much of the Duomo as possible!



I mentioned before that I prefer the outside of Florence's cathedral to Siena's, but the reverse is true inside. While there is something to be said for the contemplative simplicity of Santa Maria del Fiore's interior (Siena's San Domenico is similar, and it's one of my favorite cathedral interiors), the tightly-woven complexity of Siena's really comes together for me. It is order just bordering on chaos, it's a bold celebration of contrast.





The interior includes works by Michelangelo, Duccio, Donatello, Nicola and Giovanni Pisano, Bernini, Pinturicchio, and still others.



From the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, you can climb up to a vantage point on the wall of what might one day have been the new façade, if not for the bubonic plague. The Senese intended to expand the existing cathedral to fill the entire piazza, making it the largest church in Europe (and more importantly, larger than that in Florence); after the plague, the project was abandoned, the populace fearing that the plague was punishment for their hubris.

In addition to another lovely view of the countryside, this place gives you an excellent angle on the cathedral itself.



Note the changing widths of the white stripes on the bell tower. From ground level, this creates the illusion that the tower is much taller than it actually is.





Later, I returned to Piazza del Campo to people-watch and get a bit of sun.



Next up: San Domenico, and a day trip to San Gimignano!

Siamo in arrivo a... Siena!

On Sunday, after my morning in Pisa, I took the train to Siena and a cab from the railway station to my host's apartment, where I have been for a week, now. It's a clean building in a quiet neighborhood, just a few minutes from the bus stop, and from there a fifteen-minute ride into town past silver fields of olive trees and hills with little golden buildings perched on them. Monday was terribly cold and rainy and I didn't do much sight-seeing, but Tuesday was all blue sky and warm sun, so I did what I seem to do in every city I visit nowadays: find the tallest tower and climb it!



Torre del Mangia, seen in the above photo from a viewpoint atop the nearby Duomo, was the tallest secular tower in Italy when it was built, overlooking Piazza del Campo from the Palazzo Pubblico. It was named for Giovanni di Balduccio, whose nickname, “Mangiaguadagni,” more or less meant “he eats his paychecks” and referred to his love of expensive food. (He and I have something in common.) The tower is visible from almost all of Siena, and was designed to be the same height as the belltower of the Duomo, symbolizing the equal power of the church and the secular government in the medieval Senese republic.



The tower is 330 feet tall and provides an astounding view of the city, the Piazza, and the surrounding countryside. From it, you can identify three other “high points” of this hilly Tuscan town: the Duomo, the church of San Domenico, and (difficult to see in the below photo, but look just behind San Domenico's belltower in the far right) Fortezza Medicea.







The lower levels of the tower have windows overlooking the Piazza, making it an excellent place to watch the milling crowds on a sunny afternoon, or the preparations for Carnevale if you happen to be there on Fat Tuesday...







The Palazzo Pubblico, seat of the government of the republic for hundreds of years and now a museum and theatre, still sports the symbols of Siena's medieval independence from nearby Florence and the Papal armies: the black and white crests of the city, and the water spouts in the form of snarling wolves (Siena's symbol is la lupa who nursed Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome). When Siena was finally conquered by Florence around 1560, the Medici family coat of arms was added to the building's façade, topped by fearsome metal crowns.



The white marble structure at the base of the tower is a chapel, built by the survivors of the Black Death in 1348; today, it is used to bless the participants of the Palio, a twice-annual horse race around the Piazza. (For more on the Palio, see my entry from last year's Siena day trip.)



Any of the caffeterie or ristoranti around the Piazza give you a great vantage point for people-watching in the afternoon, and the prices, while somewhat inflated due to the location, aren't nearly as bad as in places like Piazza San Marco in Venice or near the Vatican in Rome. The food is nothing to scoff at, either. A good Senese specialty, well-represented in the historic center, is pici, a type of thick, round noodle that is satisfying and chewy. You can also find lots of typical Tuscan secondi such as coniglio (rabbit) and cinghiale (wild boar).



The day wore on and Piazza del Campo began to fill with people in anticipation of Carnevale. I didn't stick around, since the festivities were mostly oriented towards children and I was getting tired of the crowds, and instead took a walk towards San Domenico.





On deck: Fortezza Medicea and Siena's striking Duomo.